Interaction of Muscle Strength and Endurance Domain (MSED) on Balance, Stability, and Coordination Domain (BSCD) in Whole-Body Anterior and Posterior Chain Muscles Test (WBAPT) of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and Knee Injuries Patients: A Preliminary Study

Oral

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Knee OA is the leading cause of death and physical dysfunction worldwide. With growing sports involvement, those with past knee injuries were found to be at risk in developing knee OA in 10 years (Ackerman et al., 2017). Pain and muscles weaknesses (quadriceps and hamstrings) being the major symptoms (Salli et al., 2010) that lead to reduce balance and altered gait during activities of daily living (ADL). With altered biomechanics, hence this will result in either under or overactivation of the whole kinetic chain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the interaction of muscle strength and endurance domain and its effect on balance, stability, and coordination of knee OA and injuries patients. Thirteen volunteered participants with knee OA and past knee injury (42.62 ± 11.214 years) were included. MSED which consist of superman, squat with trunk rotation, and hinge with calves raised exercises while BSCD which comprised of standing hip flexion-extension with arm raised (left and right) and standing with hip and shoulder abduction (left and right) were performed for one minute each. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the association of MSED and BSCD. Multiple regression analyses were performed separately with each of variable involved in BSCD as dependent variable and MSED as independent variable. Pearson’s correlation for superman showed a strong relationship, r > 0.7, moderate association with hinge with calves raised, r > 0.4, and weak correlation with squat with trunk rotation, r < 0.3 towards all the variables in BSCD. There is a strong effect of each of the exercises in MSED (superman, squat with trunk rotation, and hinge with calves raised) as predictor for BSCD (hip flexion-extension (left: F(3,9)= 6.999, p=0.010, R²= 0.700; right: F(3,9)=4.250, p=0.04, R2=0.586) and hip and shoulder abduction-adduction (left: F(3,9) = 3.522, p=0.062, R²= 0.540; right: F(3,9)=2.163, p=0.162, R²=0.419). The exercises included in MSED are suitable as predictors to BSCD in knee OA and injuries patients. Therefore, incorporation of exercises with anterior and posterior chain muscles in the rehab setting might result in better balance, stability, and coordination for the knee OA and injuries patients to improve their quality of life. By increasing the number of sample size, a more precise and definite numerical data could be obtained.