Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators – Cellular, Tissue and Organ Selectivity: Review

Abstract

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a new class of synthesized molecules with anabolic steroid-like effects, and unlike the latter, SARMs are dominated by anabolic over androgenic effects on the body. SARMs bind to the androgen receptor by genomic mechanism and demonstrate a pronounced tissue selectivity, which is performed regardless of their pharmacokinetic profile, and the interaction of the androgen receptor with various co-activators and co-suppressors is therefore essential. Part of the effects &we found, described by different authors in over 300 articles in the literature, can be very useful. Some SARMs have been shown to stimulate osteogenesis in osseous tissue and enhance bone mineral density; reduce the weight of the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia; demonstrate a cytotoxic effect in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines. Some of the newly synthesized SARMs induce major myogenic regulatory factors what contributes to the realization of ligand-mediated myogenic differentiation and the increase of muscle mass. Some SARMs have been found to have a favourable effect in age-related hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction, as well as a pronounced neuroprotective effect, which in turn makes them potential agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Others have been found to inhibit cancer growth in metastatic models of breast cancer and have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism, which helps to restore pelvic floor muscles that weaken in postmenopausal syndrome. The effects found in the test application of SARMs make them potential candidates for the treatment of a wide range of metabolic, bone, cancer and neurological diseases.